In 776 B.C., the first Olympic Games were
held at the foot of Mount Olympus to honor the Greeks’ chief god, Zeus. The
warm climate for outdoor activities, the need for preparedness in war, and
their lifestyle caused the Greeks to create competitive sports. Only the elite
and military could participate at first, but later the games were open to all
free Greek males who had no criminal record. The Greeks emphasized physical
fitness and strength in their education of youth. Therefore, contest in
running, jumping, discuss and javelin throwing, boxing, and horse and chariot
racing were held in individual cities, and the winners competed every four
years at Mount Olympus. Winners were greatly honored by having olive wreaths
placed on their heads and having poems sung about their deeds. Originally these
contests were held as games of friendship, and any wars in progress were halted
to allow the games to take place. They also helped to strengthen bonds among
competitors and the different cities represented.
The Greeks attached so much
importance to the games that they calculated time in four-year cycles called
“Olympiads,” dating from 776 B.C. The contest coincided with religious
festivities and constituted an all-out effort on the part of the participants
to please the gods. Any who disobeyed the rules were dismissed and seriously
punished. These athletes brought shame not only to themselves, but also to the
cities they represented.
1.
Which
of the following is NOT true?
a. Winners placed olive wreaths on their own
heads.
b. The games were held in Greece every four
years.
c. Battles were interrupted to participate
in the games.
d. Poem glorified the winners in song.
Jawab: kalimat yang tidak benar adalah C. Battles were interrupted to participate
in the games. Karena dalam paragraph dijelaskan “The contest coincided with
religious festivities and constituted an all-out effort on the part of the participants
to please the gods.”
2.
The
word “elite” in line 5 is closest in meaning to…
a. Aristocracy c.
intellectuals
b. Brave d.
muscular
Jawab:
Jawaban yang tepat adalah A.
Aristocracy. Arti dari “elite” adalah golongan
atas atau golongan ,asyarakat elit
dan Aristocracy berarti bangsawan.
3.
Why
were the Olympic Games held?
a. To stop wars c. To crown the best
athletes
b. To honor Zeus d. To sing songs about the
athletes
Jawab:
jawaban yang tepat adalah B. To honor
Zeus. Pada kalimat pertama
dijelaskan bahwa “In 776 B.C., the first Olympic Games were held at the foot of
Mount Olympus to honor the Greeks’ chief god, Zeus.”
4.
Approximately
how many years ago did these games originate?
a. 800 years b.
1,200 years c. 2,300
years d. 2,800 years
Jawab: D. 2800 years. Dalam paragraph di atas
dikatakan bahwa Olympic Games pertama kali ada ada tahun 776 B.C (776 sebelum
masehi) saat ini tahun 2012 maka Olympic games terjadi sejak 2012 + 776 = 2788
~ 2800 tahun yang lalu.
5.
What
conclusion can we draw about the ancient Greeks?
a. They were pacifists.
b. They believed athletic events were
important
c. They were very simple
d. They couldn’t count, so they used
“Olympiads” for dates
Jawab:
jawaban yang tepat adalah B. They
believed athletic events were important. Di kalimat pertama pada paragrad ke
dua dijelaskan bahwa “The Greeks attached so much importance to the games that
they calculated time in four-year cycles called “Olympiads,” dating from 776
B.C.”
6.
What
is the main idea of this passage?
a. Physical fitness was an integral part of
the lives of the ancient Greeks
b. The Greeks severely punished those who
did not participate in physical fitness programs
c. The Greeks had always encouraged everyone
to participate in the games
d. The Greeks had the games coincide with
religious festivities so that they could go back to war when the games were
over.
Jawab: D. The Greeks had the games coincide with
religious festivities so that they could go back to war when the games were
over. Terdapat pada paragraph kedua di kalimat kedua.
7.
In
line 14, the word “deeds” is closest in meaning to
a. Accomplishments
b. Ancestors
c. Documents
d. Property
Jawab: A. Accomplishments. Makna dari “deeds” adalah tindakan atau
perbuatan. Yang dalam kalimat tersebut dapat juga diartikan dengan Accomplishments
yang secara harfiah berarti penyelesaian, prestasi, atau kemahiran.
8.
Which
of the following was ultimately required of all athletes competing in the
Olympics?
a. They must have completed military service
b. They had to attend special training
sessions
c. They had to be Greek males with no
criminal record
d. They had to be very religious
Jawab: C. They had to be Greek males with no criminal record. Dijelaskan pada
kalimat ketiga pada paragraph pertama yaitu “but later the games were open to
all free Greek males who had no criminal record.”
9.
The
word “halted” in line 16 means most nearly the same as ..
a. Encourages
b. Started
c. Curtailed
d. Fixed
Jawab: C. Curtailed. Makna dari “halted”
adalah berhenti sebentar yang dalam kalimat diatas dapat juga berarti Curtailed
yang memiliki makna membatasi atau mengurangi.
10.
What
is an “Olympiad”?
a. The time it took to finish the games
b. The time between games
c. The it took to finish a war
d. The time it took the athletes to train
Jawab: B. The time between games. Dijelaskan
dalam kalimat “the games that they calculated time in four-year cycles called
“Olympiads,” dating from 776 B.C.”
STYLISTIC PROBLEMS
1.
The
defendant refused to answer the prosecutor’s questions ____________
a. Because he was afraid it would
incriminate him.
b. For fear that they will incriminate him
c. Because he was afraid that his answers
would incriminate him
d. Fearing that he will be incriminated by
it
Jawab: C. Because he was afraid that his answers
would incriminate him. Di soal diketahui bahwa “questions” adalah bentuk
jamak. Maka jawaban C adalah yang tepat karena “that his answers” juga
berbentuk jamak.
2.
Mrs.
Walker has returned_______________
a. A wallet back to its original owner
b. To its original owner the wallet
c. The wallet to its originally owner
d. The wallet to its original owner
Jawab: D. The wallet to its original owner. Kata
“return” diikuti dengan kata “to” dan owner diikuti dengan adverb. Dalam hal ini
jawaban D.
3.
The
hospital owes____________ for the construction of the new wing.
a. The government twenty million dollars
b. For the government twenty million dollars
c. To the government twenty million dollars
d. Twenty million of dollars to the
government
Jawab: A. The government twenty million dollars.
Pada dasarnya struktur dari kalimat tersebut setelah verb lalu dilanjutkan
dengan objek. Maka jawaban A adalah yang paling tepat.
4.
Sarah
____________ that she could not attend classes next week.
a. Told to her professors
b. Said her professors
c. Told her professors
d. Is telling her professors
Jawab: C. Told her professors. Susunan yang
benar adalah tidak menggunakan “to” maka jawaban yang tepat adalah C.
5.
The
artist was asked to show some paintings at the contest because__________
a. He painted very good
b. They believed he painted well
c. Of their belief that he was an good
artist
d. The judges had been told of his talents
Jawab: B. They believed he painted well. Dari keempat
jawaban yang disediakan yang paling tepat susunannya adalah jawaban B karena
setelah verb (painted) dibutuhkan adverb (well) bukan adjective.
6.
If
motorists do not observe the traffic regulations, they
will be stopped,
A
B C
ticketed, and have to pay a fine.
D
Jawab: If
motorists do not observe the traffic regulations, they
will be stopped,
ticketed, and have to be paid a fine.
Analisis : karena "stopped" dan "ticketed" adalah pasif, maka "have to pay a fine"
juga harus dalam bentuk pasif.
7. Fred,
who usually conducts the choir rehearsals, did not show up last
night
A B
because he had an accident on
his way to the practice.
C D
Jawab : Fred,
who usually conducts the choir rehearsal, did not show up last
night
because he had an accident on
his way to the practice.
Analisis: dalam kalimat tersebut tidak dibutuhkan huruf "s" pada kata rehearseal
karena bukan verb dari kata "the choir".
8.
A
short time before her
operation last month, Mrs. Carlyle dreams of her daughter
A B C
who lives overseas.
D
Jawab:
A
short time before her
operation last month, Mrs. Carlyle dreamed of her
daughter who lives overseas.
Analisis: kalimat tersebut dimaksudkan bentuk lampau. dijelaskan pada kata
"last month" maka "dreams" seharusnya juga dalam bentuk lampau.
9. The
atmosphere in Andalucía is open, warm, and gives a welcome feeling
to all
A B
who have the good fortune to visit there.
C D
Jawab:
The
atmosphere in Andalucía is open, warm, and gives a welcome feeling
to all
that have the good fortune to visit there.
Analisis: kata that digunakan untuk menjelaskan "the atmosphere"
10.
Some
of the people were standing in the street watched the
parade,
A B C
while others were singing songs.
D
Jawab: Some of the people were standing in the street watching the
parade, while
others were singing songs.
Analisis: karena kalimiat ini past pasrticiple maka kata kerjanya menggunakan
verb-ing. dan kalimat di atas sebenarnya juga merupakan penggabungan dua
kalimat.
