Task 3 - reading and structure

In 776 B.C., the first Olympic Games were held at the foot of Mount Olympus to honor the Greeks’ chief god, Zeus. The warm climate for outdoor activities, the need for preparedness in war, and their lifestyle caused the Greeks to create competitive sports. Only the elite and military could participate at first, but later the games were open to all free Greek males who had no criminal record. The Greeks emphasized physical fitness and strength in their education of youth. Therefore, contest in running, jumping, discuss and javelin throwing, boxing, and horse and chariot racing were held in individual cities, and the winners competed every four years at Mount Olympus. Winners were greatly honored by having olive wreaths placed on their heads and having poems sung about their deeds. Originally these contests were held as games of friendship, and any wars in progress were halted to allow the games to take place. They also helped to strengthen bonds among competitors and the different cities represented.

                The Greeks attached so much importance to the games that they calculated time in four-year cycles called “Olympiads,” dating from 776 B.C. The contest coincided with religious festivities and constituted an all-out effort on the part of the participants to please the gods. Any who disobeyed the rules were dismissed and seriously punished. These athletes brought shame not only to themselves, but also to the cities they represented.

    1.       Which of the following is NOT true?

a.       Winners placed olive wreaths on their own heads.

b.       The games were held in Greece every four years.

c.       Battles were interrupted to participate in the games.

d.       Poem glorified the winners in song.

      

            Jawab: kalimat yang tidak benar adalah C. Battles were interrupted to participate in the games. Karena dalam paragraph dijelaskan “The contest coincided with religious festivities and constituted an all-out effort on the part of the participants to please the gods.”

    2.       The word “elite” in line 5 is closest in meaning to…

a.       Aristocracy                                                                c. intellectuals

b.       Brave                                                            d. muscular

Jawab: Jawaban yang tepat adalah A. Aristocracy. Arti dari “elite” adalah golongan atas atau golongan ,asyarakat elit dan Aristocracy berarti bangsawan.

    3.       Why were the Olympic Games held?

a.       To stop wars                                             c. To crown the best athletes

b.       To honor Zeus                                          d. To sing songs about the athletes

Jawab: jawaban yang tepat adalah B. To honor Zeus.  Pada kalimat pertama dijelaskan bahwa “In 776 B.C., the first Olympic Games were held at the foot of Mount Olympus to honor the Greeks’ chief god, Zeus.”

    4.       Approximately how many years ago did these games originate?

a.       800 years                    b. 1,200 years                   c. 2,300 years                    d. 2,800 years

Jawab: D. 2800 years. Dalam paragraph di atas dikatakan bahwa Olympic Games pertama kali ada ada tahun 776 B.C (776 sebelum masehi) saat ini tahun 2012 maka Olympic games terjadi sejak 2012 + 776 = 2788 ~ 2800 tahun yang lalu.

    5.       What conclusion can we draw about the ancient Greeks?

a.       They were pacifists.

b.       They believed athletic events were important

c.       They were very simple

d.       They couldn’t count, so they used “Olympiads” for dates

Jawab: jawaban yang tepat adalah B. They believed athletic events were important. Di kalimat pertama pada paragrad ke dua dijelaskan bahwa “The Greeks attached so much importance to the games that they calculated time in four-year cycles called “Olympiads,” dating from 776 B.C.”

    6.       What is the main idea of this passage?

a.       Physical fitness was an integral part of the lives of the ancient Greeks

b.       The Greeks severely punished those who did not participate in physical fitness programs

c.       The Greeks had always encouraged everyone to participate in the games

d.       The Greeks had the games coincide with religious festivities so that they could go back to war when the games were over.

Jawab: D. The Greeks had the games coincide with religious festivities so that they could go back to war when the games were over. Terdapat pada paragraph kedua di kalimat kedua.

     7.       In line 14, the word “deeds” is closest in meaning to

a.       Accomplishments

b.       Ancestors

c.       Documents

d.       Property

   

     Jawab: A. Accomplishments. Makna dari “deeds” adalah tindakan atau perbuatan. Yang dalam kalimat tersebut dapat juga diartikan dengan Accomplishments yang secara harfiah berarti penyelesaian, prestasi, atau kemahiran.

    8.       Which of the following was ultimately required of all athletes competing in the Olympics?

a.       They must have completed military service

b.       They had to attend special training sessions

c.       They had to be Greek males with no criminal record

d.       They had to be very religious

Jawab: C. They had to be Greek males with no criminal record. Dijelaskan pada kalimat ketiga pada paragraph pertama yaitu “but later the games were open to all free Greek males who had no criminal record.”

     9.       The word “halted” in line 16 means most nearly the same as ..

a.       Encourages

b.       Started

c.       Curtailed

d.       Fixed

Jawab: C. Curtailed. Makna dari “halted” adalah berhenti sebentar yang dalam kalimat diatas dapat juga berarti Curtailed yang memiliki makna membatasi atau mengurangi.

     10.   What is an “Olympiad”?

a.       The time it took to finish the games

b.       The time between games

c.       The it took to finish a war

d.       The time it took the athletes to train

Jawab: B. The time between games. Dijelaskan dalam kalimat “the games that they calculated time in four-year cycles called “Olympiads,” dating from 776 B.C.”

STYLISTIC PROBLEMS

     1.       The defendant refused to answer the prosecutor’s questions ____________

a.       Because he was afraid it would incriminate him.

b.       For fear that they will incriminate him

c.       Because he was afraid that his answers would incriminate him

d.       Fearing that he will be incriminated by it

Jawab: C. Because he was afraid that his answers would incriminate him. Di soal diketahui bahwa “questions” adalah bentuk jamak. Maka jawaban C adalah yang tepat karena “that his answers” juga berbentuk jamak.

      2.       Mrs. Walker has returned_______________

a.       A wallet back to its original owner

b.       To its original owner the wallet

c.       The wallet to its originally owner

d.       The wallet to its original owner

Jawab: D. The wallet to its original owner. Kata “return” diikuti dengan kata “to” dan owner diikuti dengan adverb. Dalam hal ini jawaban D.

     3.       The hospital owes____________ for the construction of the new wing.

a.       The government twenty million dollars

b.       For the government twenty million dollars

c.       To the government twenty million dollars

d.       Twenty million of dollars to the government

Jawab: A. The government twenty million dollars. Pada dasarnya struktur dari kalimat tersebut setelah verb lalu dilanjutkan dengan objek. Maka jawaban A adalah yang paling tepat.

      4.       Sarah ____________ that she could not attend classes next week.

a.       Told to her professors

b.       Said her professors

c.       Told her professors

d.       Is telling her professors

Jawab: C. Told her professors. Susunan yang benar adalah tidak menggunakan “to” maka jawaban yang tepat adalah C.

      5.       The artist was asked to show some paintings at the contest because__________

a.       He painted very good

b.       They believed he painted well

c.       Of their belief that he was an good artist

d.       The judges had been told of his talents

Jawab: B. They believed he painted well. Dari keempat jawaban yang disediakan yang paling tepat susunannya adalah jawaban B karena setelah verb (painted) dibutuhkan adverb (well) bukan adjective.

     6.  If motorists do not observe the traffic regulations, they will be stopped, 

                                   A          B                                  C         

     ticketed, and have to pay a fine.

                                 D 

     

     Jawab: If motorists do not observe the traffic regulations, they will be stopped,
                ticketed, and have to be paid a fine.

   Analisis : karena "stopped" dan "ticketed" adalah pasif, maka "have to pay a fine"
                   juga harus dalam bentuk pasif.

     7. Fred, who usually conducts the choir rehearsals, did not show up last night

                                                       A                                  B

   because he had an accident on his way to the practice.

                     C                                      D

   Jawab :  Fred, who usually conducts the choir rehearsal, did not show up last night
                 because he had an accident on his way to the practice.

   Analisis: dalam kalimat tersebut tidak dibutuhkan huruf "s" pada kata rehearseal
                karena bukan verb dari kata "the choir".

    8.   A short time before her operation last month, Mrs. Carlyle dreams of her daughter

              A                                         B                                    C

     who lives overseas.

                      D

     Jawab:  A short time before her operation last month, Mrs. Carlyle dreamed of her

                  daughter who lives overseas.

     Analisis: kalimat tersebut dimaksudkan bentuk lampau. dijelaskan pada kata 
                   "last month" maka "dreams" seharusnya juga dalam bentuk lampau.

    9.   The atmosphere in Andalucía is open, warm, and gives a welcome feeling to all

                                    A                                                    B

     who have the good fortune to visit there.

        C             D

     Jawab:  The atmosphere in Andalucía is open, warm, and gives a welcome feeling to all
             that have the good fortune to visit there.

     Analisis: kata that digunakan untuk menjelaskan "the atmosphere" 

    10. Some of the people were standing in the street watched the parade,

              A                            B                               C

     while others were singing songs.

                 D

      Jawab: Some of the people were standing in the street watching the parade, while 
                  others were singing songs.

      Analisis: karena kalimiat ini past pasrticiple maka kata kerjanya menggunakan 
                   verb-ing. dan kalimat di atas sebenarnya juga merupakan penggabungan dua 
                   kalimat.